Motor speed control system



y 1950 E. H. DINGER ET AL 2,507,198

MOTOR SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM Filed March 12, 1949 I 910 v 13b Inventors:

Edvvard H. Dinger; Robert F2. Thatcher,

b J; J/W

8 Their Attorney.

Patented May 9, 1950 MQTOR SPEED CONTROL'SYSTEMI Edward H. Dinger and Robert R. Thatcher, Schej-. nectady, N. Y., assignorsv to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York ApplicationMarch; 12, 1949, Serial No. 81,052

7 Claims, 1

This invention relates to control systems, more particularly to systems for controlling the speed of anelectric. motor, and; it has for an object the: provision of a simple, reliable and efficient control system of: this character.

Morespecifically, the invention relates to motor control. systemsin which the motor is supplied fromv an adjustable voltage generator and in which the speedof the motor is varied between zero and base speed. by varying, the generator 1 voltage and above basespeed by varying the; excitation of the motor field. A further object of the invention is the provision of an electronic control system which will respond to a range of valuesof an adjustable reference voltage for varying the excitation of the. generator field while maintaining the excitation of the motor field at amaximunrandwhich will respond to a second range of values of, the reference voltage to vary the excitation of the motor field while maintaining the excitationof the generator field substantially constant.

In carrying the invention into effect in one form. thereof, a. motor issupplied from an ad justable voltage generator. An electric valve providedLwith an anode, a. cathodeand a. control grid-:is. connectedacross, a substantially constant source ofcvoltage. Between the cathode and the negative terminal of the source is connected a resistor which. providesfor cathode follower operation. of, the valve. There is also provided a source. o reference voltage having a first range of: values and a second range of values. Means responsive to values of the reference voltagewithin the first range vary the excitation of the generator thereby to vary its voltage and the speed of the motor. The reference voltage is also suprplied to th grid. and cathode of the electric valve which. operates at saturation in response tovalues of the reference voltage within the first range of values and as a cathode follower in response to values within the second range. The excitation of the motor field is varied in response to variations of. the voltage drop across the resistor in the cathode circuit of the electric valve and.- consequently in response to variation of the reference voltage within the second range of values.

For a better. and more complete understanding of the invention, reference should now be had to the following specification and to the accompanying drawing of which the single figure is a simple schematic. diagram of an. embodiment of the invention.

Referring now to the drawing, the armature l of a direct current motor is supplied-from. an ad.- justablevoltage generator with; the armature 2 to -which the armature ofo-the .motor is connected in a loop circuit which includesthecommutating fieldwindings la and 2a=and the series compensating field windings lband 2b. The motor is also providedwith a-separately excited field winding lo and similarly the generator is provided with aseparately excited field. winding 20 Direct voltage isv supplied to -the] generator field winding 20 from a pair of electric valve a and i. whichv in turnaresupplied with alternating voltage from a. suitable; source such as represented by the; transformer secondary. winding: 5. Similarlythe motor field winding; lc is supplied with direct voltage from a pair of electric v lves 8 and; l which are also supplied from the secondary winding 5. Although, the-electric valves 3, it, B and I may be of any suitable type, they are preferably F G-.95 thyratrons. They are provided respectively with anodestagla, 6a and'ld, cathodes 3b, 4b, 6b and lb andcontrol grids 3c, 40, to and To,

The anodes 3c and 4a of thyratrons q and 4 are connected; through suitable resistors to op posite terminals. of the. secondary winding, and the cathodes 3b. and 4b are connected through the generator field Winding lo-to. the center tap to. The anodes to and La of thyratrons B- and! are similarly connected to opposite terminals of the secondary winding and the cathodes 6b and 5b are connected through, the motor field winding to to thecenter tap.

For controlling the. output voltage of; the thyratrons any suitablernethod may be fimployed. It is preferred, however, to utilize the method of phaseshift of the grid voltage with respect to the anode voltage. To this endsuitable phase shifting networks are provided, The phase shifting network for thyratrons, 6 and; 7, is in the form of a bridge of which portions of the autotransformer winding 8 constitute two of the arms and the reactance winding 9a of a saturable reactor 9 and a resistor l9: constitute the two, remaining arms. Across the output terminals. 8a" and, Illa of the bridge is. connected the primary winding Ila of a grid transformer ll of which the secondary winding ll'b is. connected between the grids 5c and 5c of thyratronsfi. and l. The center tap of winding H1)v is connected tothe common cathode connection ot the. thyratrons so that corresponding halves of the winding are connected between the cathode and control grid of each thyratron.

A similar phase shifting bridge is provided for rent.

notedthat the valves 22 and ""22 constitute a voltage o sumed that the voltage across the supply conconnected to points 23c and ccnstr trlc valves 25 and 2e are provided. respectively provided with anodes a1 tends from the positive supply conductor through saturating winding Sb, resistor El, anode bus 23. motor field winding is and conducts the rector -field current. Consequently, its connection in controlling thyratrons 3 and 1. It comprises the winding i2 of an autotransfornier, the reactance winding lilo of saturable rectr and resistor 14. The primary winding 65a of a grid transformer i5 is connected between the output terminals lilo and Ma, and opposite halves of the secondary winding. 85b are connected between the cathodes and" grids of thyratrons 3 and l.

Alternating voltage is supplied to the input terminals of the two phase shifting bridges from a suitable source, such as represented by the two supply conductors it and El, which is preferably the same source as that from which the anode voltages are deri ed. When the reactors d and I3 are unsaturated, the voltages induced in the secondary windings ill) and lag the anode voltages of thyratrons substantially 1% electrical degrees and when the reactors are saturated, the voltages induced in the seconda y windings are substantially in phase with the Voltages. For intermediate values of saturation of the reactors, the voltages induced the secondary windings have corresponding intermediate phase relationships with respect to the a. voltages. The currents conducted by the thyratrons are maximum when the grid and anode re substantially in phase and minimum 11 they are substantially 18% degrees out of ph For intermediate phase relationships cc rents conducted by the thyratrons have corresponding intermediate values.

For controlling saturation, the reactors S and iii are provided with D. C. saturating windings 9b and iSb, respectively. Direct voltage is supplied to the saturating windings from a suitable source, such as represented by the supply con ductors and iii. Between supply conductors two voltage regulating valves and ii and a resistor are connected in series relationship. The valves it and 211 are preiera ly OC3/VR105 'glow tubes. A characteristic of a tube of this type is that within its operatii ange the voltage across its anode and cathode remains substantially constant despite large changes its cur- Variations in the su ply line voltage are reels" largely absorbed by the the resistor nay be asductors i3 and i5 is 315 volts and that the voltage at the points 25a and are 105 volts and 210 volts, respectively, with pact to conductor Conductors 23 and which are respectively e buses trol are in the saturating windings of the cathodes 25b and 25b, and control grids 25c 25c. Preferably these valves are of the GSNZGT type.

The anode-cathode of the valve 2% ex l 25a, cathode 25b and resistor the supply The resistor is with the Similarly, the anode-cathode circuit of valve 25 will be is traced from the positive supply conductor l8 through saturating winding i312, resistor 29, anode cathode 2th and resistor 29a, to bus 23. Since the resistor 29a is connected in the generator field circuit it conducts the generator field current and its connection in the cathode circuit of valve 26 provides a degenerative feedback which reduces the eiiective time constant of the generator field and improves the response of changes in the generator field current to changes in the grid voltage of valve 26.

For the purposes of providing an adjustable reference voltage for controlling the variation of the excitation of the generator held and the motor field, a, unit is provided which comprises a speed controlling potentiometer as, four diode electric valves iii, 32, and 34, a capacitor 35 and rheostats 3%; and 3'! for varying the time constant of the capacitor circuits to control the rates of charge and discharge. Although the diode valves may be of any suitable type, they are preferably 61 216 rectifier valves.

The speed control potentiometer is connected in series with the contacts of a switch 33 across the buses 23 and 2d. The valves 3i and 32 are connected in series relationship with each other and similarly valves 33 and 3d are connected in series relationship with each other and in parallel with the valves 3i and 32. The anodes 3m and 3304 are connected through a resistor 39 and rheostat to the positive supply conductor i8, and the cathodes 32b and 3 51) are connected through resistor ill and rheostat 3'! to the negative supply conductor As shown, the slider Biia of the speed control potentiometer is connected to the cathode SH) and anode 32a and ca acitor 35 is connected between the negative supply conductor 24 and the cathode 33b and anode 3 m. Across the supply conductors i8 and 24 is connected an electric valve ll of which the control grid tic is connected through a resistor 2 to the junction point of the cathode 33b and anode 34a. A resistor 3 connected in the cathode circuit of valve 4| provides cathode follower operation. The voltage which appears across the cathode follower resistor 43 is the reference voltage which is utilized for producing timed acceleration and. deceleration of motor I.

The reference voltage unit functions in the following manner to produce the reference voltage. In the steady state condition points 310, 32c, 33c and Etc will be at approximately the same voltage. The resistors 39 and iii are preferably of high impedance, e. g. .5 megohm each. With a total impedance of a megohm in the circuit the tube drop of the valves 3|, 32, 33 and 34 is substantially zero. Valve 3! prevents the voltage at point tic from becoming more positive than the voltage of point 320. Similarly valve 32 prevents the voltage at point 330 from becoming more negative than point 320. The conducting action of valves 33 and 3d hold the voltage at point 340 equal to the voltage at points 3 lo and 330. When the voltage at point 320 is made more positive by movement of the slider 36a in a counterclockwise direction, the voltage at point 330 also becomes IllOl'G positive owing to the action of valve 32. This results in cutting off valves 3! and 34 since the voltages of points 350 and 340 are maintained unchanged momentarily by the charge on capacitor 35. With valves SI and 34 cut off, capacitor 35 begins to charge through resistor 39 and rheostat 38 at a rate determined by the setting of the rheostat, and the voltage across its terminals increases correspondingly. Responsiv'ely to this'increasing voltage the conduction ofvalve ltis increased thereby increasing the voltage drop across resistor 13 until the voltage at the cathode is' substantially equal to the voltage of the grid which is equal to the voltage of the point 340. In other words, the voltage across the resistor etchanges with the voltage across the capacitor and at the same rate. Valve 3! begins-to conduct again when the Voltage at point are has increased to the value of the voltage at point 320, thereby to prevent any further increase of voltage at points 310 and t le and the circuit returns to the steady state condition.

Upon movement of the slider 38a, in a clockwise direction to a position of less positive voltage on the potentiometer, the voltage at point tic is made correspondingly less positive by the action of valve ti. This results in the cut-off of valves 32" and 33 since the voltage at the points 230 and 340 is instantaneously maintained by the charge on the capacitor. With valves 32 and 33 cut off, the capacitor begins to discharge through resistor it" and rheostat ill at a rate determined by the setting of the rheostat. Simultaneously the reference voltage across the cathode follower resister as will decrease aS the voltage across the capacitor decreases and at the same rate. Valve 32 conducts again when the voltage at point 530 has decreased to the voltage at point 320. prevents any further decrease in the voltage at the points 330 and 34c and the circuit is returned to the steady state condition. Thus the reference voltage unit produces across the resistor 53 an adjustable reference voltage having rates of increase or decrease which can be separately varied.

The above described adjustable reference voltage unit is not our joint invention but is the sole invention of Robert R. Thatcher and is described and claimed in copending application Serial No. 118,326, filed in the name of Robert R. Thatcher and assigned to the same assignee as this application.

By means of a suitable parallel feed circuit the armature voltage of generator 2 is compared with the reference voltage and a selected portion of the difference of the two voltages is utilized to control the excitation of the generator. This circuit is illustrated as comprising a voltage divider made up of two resistors :34 and connected between the positive terminal of the generator 2 and the slider lfia of a potentiometer it which is connected across the commutating and compensating field windings 2a, 21), la, lb, together with a voltage divider comprising resistors ll and 43 connected across the buses 23 and i l and a third voltage divider comprising resistor potentiometer 5E) and resistor 5i connected in series relationship between the intermediate point Mia of the first divider and the intermediate point 47a of the second divider. Between the cathode terminal 63a of cathode follower resistor 3 and the intermediate point ile is connected a rectifier 52 which may be of any suitable type but is preferably a surface contact type rectifier such as the copper oxide rectifier or the selenium rectifier.

The slider 59a of potentiometer 53 is connected through resistor cc to the grid Ma of an electric valve E l which is connected between the supply conductor is and bus 24.

In the anode circuit of valve 54 is connected a resistor 55 and in the cathode circuit is connected a rheostat 5B and a resistor 57. For all values of the reference voltage across resistor 43, which produce at the point 43a a voltage that is more voltage drop across resistor excitation of the generator field winding 20.

positive than the voltage of the point 41a, the comparison circuit described in the foregoingsupplies between the grid E la and cathode 54b of valve 54 a voltage which is a fraction of'the difference of the voltage between bus 23 and point 43a and the armature voltage of generator 2. The ratio of the armature Voltage to the voltage between bus 23 and point 43a may be varied within limits'by varying the setting of potentiometer 5D. The current conducted by the valve es varies in response tovariations in the grid voltage and produces corresponding voltage drops across the anode'resistor A selected'portion of the'variation in the voltage at the anode terminal 55b; of resistor is supplied to the grid 290 of valve 25- by means of a voltage divider comprising resistors ES-and connected between anode terminal 55a and bus 26 together with" a connection from intermediate point to the grid Etc.

From the foregoing it is seen that movement of the'slider in clockwise direction causes the voltage of the grid E la to become more negative, thereby decreasing the current conducted by valve as and correspondi gly decreasing the with the result that the voltage supplied to the grid 26c becomes more positive. This increases the current conducted by the valve 25, thereby increasing the saturation of the reactor l3 and increasing the The resulting increase in the armature voltage of the generator reduces the diiferential voltage supplied to the grid Sta. In other words, the voltage of the grid 55 a becomes less negative as the generator voltage increases, thereby retarding the rise of the generator voltage and finally terminating the rise of generator voltage when a balanced condition between the generator voltage and the reference voltage is reached. The increase of the generator voltage closely follows the decrease in the reference voltage across resistor 33. Since the rate of decrease of the reference voltage depends upon the setting of rheostat 5571'. the rate of rise of the generator voltage 55 and the acceleration of motor 9 likewise depend upon the setting of rheostat 3?. Movement of the slider in a counterclockwise direction operates in a reverse manher to decrease the voltage of the generator. The rate of decrease of the generator voltage and the rate of deceleration of the motor upon the setting of rheostat 36.

For the purpose of controlling the valve 25 to weaken the motor field after the generator voltage has reached its maximum value, a pair of electric valves as and 6-! are provided. The valve 55 is connected from the positive supply conductor is to the bus 2 A rheostat s2 and a fixed resistor 53 are connected in circuit between the positive conductor 23 and the anode Ella and a resistor 34 is connected between the cathode 93b and bus 2 3 to provide cathode follower operation. The anode of valve l is connected to the positive supply conductor is and the cathode Gib is connected to an intermediate point 65a of a voltage divider which comprises resistors 65 and 66 connected in series relationship across the buses 23 and 2%. Both control grids the and 55c are connected through a resistor 51 to the cathode terminal @301. of the reference voltage resistor ea. Although the valves ii, 54, til and iii may be of any suitable type, they are preferably 6SN'7GT valves.

Between the cathode terminals Ma. and 86a of resistors es and 66 is connected a voltage divider which comprises resistors 68 and 68. Between the intermediate point 58a of this voltage divider and the slider 69a of a potentiometer 69, which is connected between supply conductor [8 and bus 23, is connected another voltage divider which comprises resistor E8, potentiometer ll and resistor 12. The grid 250 of valve 25 is connected through a resistor 73 to the slider Ha of potentiometer H.

The reference voltage which is supplied to the motor field control, i. e. to the grids 69c and file, remains substantially constant as long as the voltage of point 53a is positive with respect to an arbitrarily chosen voltage which is determined by the adjustment of potentiometer 62. The value of this arbitrary voltage depends on the ratio between the anode circuit and cathode circuit impedances of valve til. When point etc is positive with respect to this arbitrary voltage, the valve 60 is operating under essentially maximum saturated condition, i. e. further increases in the grid voltage do not produce any increase in the anodecathode current. Consequently, variations in the voltage of point etc which do not make it negative with respect to the arbitrary voltage mentioned in the foregoing will produce no change in voltage of the point tea. Under this condition the voltage of the grid t le remains constant owing to the grid current of valve tit flowing through resistor 51. Since the grid tic of valve 6i is directly connected to grid Etc, the voltages of points 65a and 68a and the voltage of grid 25.0 of valve 25 also remain constant as long as the voltage of grid 68c remains constant. Consequently, the excitation of the motor field winding lc remains constant at maximum strength for changes in the voltage of point 23a which do not make it negative with respect to the arbitrary voltage.

For values of the reference voltage across resistor 53 within the range in which the voltage of the point 43a is negative with respect to the arbitrary voltage described in the foregoing, the valves 6!} and Si operate as cathode followers. Consequently, variations of the reference voltage within this range produce corresponding variations of the voltage at the points Risa, 66a and 68a and of the grid 250. As a result, the excite.- tion of the motor field winding and the speed of the motor are correspondingly varied.

In order to maintain the acceleration of the motor substantially constant within the field weakening range and to cause the speed of the motor to be approximately proportional to the setting of the speed adjusting potentiometer 3E3, the control circuit for the valve is arranged to change the constant of proportionality between the voltages at the points 513a and 68a at a predetermined point in the field weakening range.

As the voltage at point tea is decreased, 1. e. made less positive, by cathode follower operation of valve 65, the voltage of point 66a, is decreased by approximately the same amount by cathode follower action of valve 6!. Consequently, the voltage of intermediate point 63a is decreased by the same amount. This relationship between the voltages of the points odd, Eta and a is maintained as long as the voltage of point the is positive with respect to a predetermined value of voltage which is determined by the voltage divider 55, (it. When the voltage of point 66a decreases to this predetermined value, further decrease in the voltage of point rite causes the valve 6! to out off while valve to continues to operate as a cathode follower. Thus, in response to further decrease of the reference voltage, i. e. the voltage of point 43a, the voltage of point 66a'remains constant while the voltage of point 64acontinues to decrease in response to cathode follower action of valve 65. Consequently further decreases of the voltage of point 68a are smaller in value than decreases of voltage of point 64a. by an amount depending upon the ratio of resistors 63' and 68. Assuming these resistors to be equal, further decreases in the voltage of point stla will be one-half the value of decreases in the voltage of point 64a. As a result, the rates of acceleration and deceleration of the motor within the field weakening range are substantially constant and the speed of the motor is approximately proportional to the setting of the speed control potentiometer 30.

With the foregoing understanding of the elements and their organization, the operation of the system itself will readily be understood from the following description.

The contacts of switch it are assumed to be in the open position in which they are illustrated. The armature of motor l is thus disconnected from the generator. Also the contacts of switch 38 are open so that the voltage of point 320 is maximum and the capacitor 35 is fully charged.

Consequently the reference voltage across resister 43 will be at maximum value with the result that valve M will be fully conducting and valve 26 will be at cut-on and the phase of the grid voltage of thyratrons 3 and G will be fully retarded. The excitation of the generator field 2c and the armature voltage of the generator will be minimum.

Responsively to the maximum value of reference voltage, the valve 6Q will be operating essentially at saturation and valve 6! fully conducting, but not in the saturated range. Thus the voltages of the point 68a and the grid 250 will be at maximum value with the result that the phase of the grid voltages of thyratrons E and l is fully advanced and the thyratrons supply maximum exciting current to the motor field winding lc. Under these conditions, the motor is at standstill.

The desired operating speed of the motor I may be preset by rotating the slider 38a in a clockwise direction to a position Which corresponds to the desired value. Assuming that it is desired to operate the motor at maximum speed, the slider is rotated to the maximum speed position at the lower end of the potentiometer. The switches 38 and M are then closed simultaneously to complete the potentiometer circuit and the loop circuit for the armatures of the motor and generator.

In response to the closing of contacts 38 the voltages of points 320 and 330 are suddenly reduced to the value of the voltage of bus 24 and the capacitor 35 begins to discharge at a rate determined by the setting of rheostat 37. The reference voltage across resistor 53 decreases at the same rate thereby advancing the phase of the grid voltages of the thyratrons 3 and 4 and correspondingly increasing the excitation of the generator field winding 20 and correspondingly increasing the generated voltage. In response to the increasing voltage supplied to its armature terminals the motor I accelerates at a rate equal to the rate of decrease of the reference voltage which, as stated in the foregoing, depends on the setting of acceleration control rheostat 31.

At a predetermined value of the reference voltage the maximum phase advance of the grid voltages of thyratrons 3 and 4 is obtained. The ratio of resistors 41 and 4,8 is so chosen that the ,point 41a. is equal 1 toor slightly -rnore positive than .this predetermined value. Consequently, .when this.predeterminedvalue of reference vol- .ageis reachedtherectifier 52isolates the gen- .erator field eontrolfroi'n .thereference voltage. -Whi1e thegenerator voltage was increasing and the.motor accelerating, the voltage of the-grids ,60cand Bic-remained constant, as explained in .the foregoing, so that variation. of the reference zvoltage withinihis first range of values between maximum andthepredetermined value had no influence on the control of the motor field whi h remained at maximum strength.

However, as'the reference voltage reaches the ,predetermined value, the voltage of giidtiilc becomessufficientlynegative that further decrease inthe referencavoltage result in decreasing the .currents conductedby valvesfi l and El and correspondingly decreasing the voltage of point 68a. This, results in retardingthe phase of the grid voltages of thyratronsfi and '5, ther by weakening the excitationof the motor field and further accelerating the speed of the motor. This field weakening and resulting acceleration proceeds at arateapproximatelyequal to the rate of decrease in reference-voltage until a value of field current isreached. beyond which the motor speed increases at a. rate greater the rate of field weakening. Howevenwhen this point is reached, further decreasesin the reference voltage pro- -duce no further decrease in the voltage of point 6612 but continue to decrease the voltage of. point 64a. The voltage of point 68a continues to decrease in response to decrease of voltage of the point 54a but at a lower rate owing to the inter- .mediate position ofpoint il ia on the divider :68. Consequently, further weakening of the -motor field proceeds at arate lower than but proportional to the rate of decrease of the reference voltage and the acceleration'proceeds at a rate approximately equal to the rate :of decrease of :thereference voltage.

Thus, in response to variation of the reference voltage-within its second range of values from the-predetermined value to the minimum value, the motor is accelerated to maximum speed.

Itis not essential that thebeginning of the fieldweakening range should coincide with the point of maxium generator voltage. It may be desirable to begin weakening the field before maximum generator voltage isreached. A oer tain-amount of overlapping of the generator voltage and field weakening ranges may be produced by adjustment of I rheostat 62.

To decelerate the motor-to a lower speed, slider of thepotentiometer is rotated counterclockwise to .a position correspondingto the de sired lower speed. This causes the capacitor .35 to charge at a rate determined by the setting of the deceleration rheostat and the reference voltage acrossresistor 43 increases correspondingly. As the reference voltage increases, the voltage of point elaincreases, thereby advancing the phase'of the grid voltage of thyratrons E l. The resulting strengthening of the motor efiects a corresponding deceleration of the motor eata rate approximately equal to the rate of in- -:,crease ofreference voltage. During this initial part of the deceleration thereference voltage of ,point 43ais more negative than point lla consequently the increasing reference voltage has no influence onthe control of the generator When the referencevoltage reaches the prede .termined valueat whichthe voltage of point Ma jbecomesmore positivethan the voltage of point 41a, the gridfiiic begins to draw current, and further increases of the reference voltage produce no further increase of the currents conducted by valves Bil andlll and hence have no influence on the motor field control. However, increase of the reference voltage beyond this predetermined value produces phase retardation-of the grid voltages of the thyratrons 3 and i which in turn produces a decrease in the voltage of the generator and a corresponding deceleration of the motor which continues until the desired new low speed has been reached.

Thus acceleration to a higher speed ordeceleration to a lower speed may be produced by movement of the slider 38a to the position correspondin? to the desired speed, and the acceleration or deceleration follows at a rate determined by the setting of the acceleration and deceleration rheostats, respectively.

Although in accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes this invention is described as embodied in concrete form and the principle thereof has been explained together with the best mode in which it is now contemplated applying that principle, it will be understood that the elements shown and described are merely illustrative and that the invention is not .limited thereto since alterations and modifications will readily suggest themselves to persons skilled in the art without departing from the true'spirit of this invention or from the scope of the annexed claims.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A control system-comprising an adjustable voltage generator provided with afield winding, an electric motor supplied from said generator and provided with a field winding'a source of adjustable reference voltage variable through a predetermined range of values in a predetermined interval of time, means for deriving a signal voltage from the armature voltage of said generator, means responsive to the difference of said voltages for values 'of said reference voltage within a first range for varying the excitation of said generator field, means responsive to said reference voltage in a second range of values for varying the excitation of said InODOr-field comprising a source of substantially constant voltage, an electric valveconnected across said source and provided with ananode, a cathode and a control grid, a resistor connected in the cathode circuit of said valve to provide cathode follower operation thereof, connections for supplying said reference voltage between said grid and cathode, the values of said reference voltage within said first range producing saturation of said valve, and the values within said second range producing corresponding values of current in the anodecathode circuit of said valve, and means responsive to the variations in voltage across said cathode resistor for varying the excitation of said motor field winding.

2. control system comprising an adjustable voltage generator "o /ided with a field winding, an electric motor supplied from'said generator and provided nth field Winding, a sourceof substantially constant voltage, an electric valve having an anode, a cathode and a control grid and having its anode-cathode circuit connected ac oss Si a resistor connected in the S3411. catl- .l circuit of valve, a source of adjustable reference voltage having first and second ranges of values, means responsive to values of reference voltage in said first range for varying the excitation of said generator field to vary the speed of said motor, connections from said reference voltage source to said grid and cathode for supplying said reference voltage thereto to produce saturation of said valve in response to values of said reference voltage in said first range, and to produce cathode follower operation of said valve in response to values of said voltage within said second range, and means responsive to variations of the voltage across said resistor for varying the excitation of said motor field winding.

3. A control system comprising in combination an adjustable voltage generator provided with a field winding, an electric motor supplied from said generator and provided with a field winding, a source of substantially constant voltage, an electric valve provided with an anode, a cathode and a control grid and having its anodecathode circuit connected across said source, a source of adjustable reference voltage having first and second ranges of values, means responsive only to values of said reference Voltage within said first range for varying the excitation of said generator field to vary the speed of said motor, a resistor in the cathode circuit of said valve, connections from said reference voltage source to said grid and cathode for supplying said reference voltage thereto to produce saturation of said valve in response to values of said reference voltage within said first range and to produce cathode follow-er operation in response to values of said reference voltage within said second range, means responsive to variations in voltage across said resistor for varying the ex citation of said motor field to vary the speed of said motor, and a Variable resistor in the anode circuit of said valve for effecting cathode follower operation of said valve in response to a selected sub-range of values of reference voltage within said first range to provide simultaneous strengthening of said generator field and weakening of said motor field.

4. A control system comprising in combination, an adjustable voltage generator provided with a field winding, an electric motor supplied therefrom and provided with a field winding, a source of substantially constant voltage, a first electric valve provided with an anode, a cathode and a control grid, and having its anode-cathode circuit connected across said source, a resistor connected in said cathode circuit, a source of adjustable reference voltage having first and second ranges of values, a phase shifting network responsive to values of said reference voltage within said first range and a second electric valve controlled by said network for varying the excitation of said generator field winding to vary the speed of said motor, connections from said source of reference voltage to the grid and cathode of said first valve for supplying said reference voltage thereto to effect saturation of said first valve in response to values of reference voltage in said first range and cathode follower operation in response to values of said reference voltage within said second range, a phase shifting network responsive to variations in voltage across said resistor and an electric valve controlled thereby for varying the excitation of said motor field winding, and a variable resistor in the anode circuit of said first valve for effecting cathode follower operation of said first valve in response to values of said reference voltage within a selected portion of said first range to provide overlapping of the strengthening of said generator field and the weakening of said motor field.

5. A control system comprising in combination an adjustable voltage generator provided with a field winding, an electric motor supplied therefrom and provided with a field winding, a source of substantially constant voltage, a first electric valve provided with an anode, a cathode and a control grid and having its anode connected to the positive side of said source and its cathode connected to the negative side of said source, a resistor connected in the cathode circuit of said valve, a voltage divider energized from said source, a second electric valve having an anode, a cathode and a control grid and having its anode connected to the positive side of said source and its cathode connected to an intermediate point on said divider, a source of adjustable reference voltage having first and second ranges of values, means responsive to values of reference voltage in said first range for varying the excitation of said generator field winding to vary the speed of said motor, connections from said reference voltage source to the grids and cathodes of said valves for supplying said reference voltage thereto to produce saturation of said first valve in response to values of said reference voltage in said first range and cathode follower operation of both said valves in response to values of said reference voltage in said second range, a second voltage divider connected across the cathode circuits of said valves, and means responsive to the voltage of an intermediate point of said second divider for varying the excitation of said motor field winding.

6. A control system comprising in combination an adjustable voltage generator provided with a field winding, an electric motor supplied therefrom and provided with a field winding, a source of substantially constant voltage, a first electric valve provided with an anode, a cathode and a control grid and having its anode connected to the positive side of said source and its cathode connected to the negative side of said source, a resistor connected in the cathode circuit of said valve, a voltage divider connected between the negative terminal of said source and a point having a voltage intermediate the positive and negative terminal voltages of said source, a second electric valve having an anode, a cathode and a control grid and having its anode connected to the positive terminal of said source and its cathode connected to an intermediate point on said divider, a source of adjustable reference voltage having first and second ranges of values, means responsive to values of reference voltage in said first range for varying the excitation of said generator field winding to vary the speed of said motor, connections from said reference voltage source to the grids and cathodes of said valves for supplying a voltage thereto to produce saturation of said first valve in response to values of said reference voltage in said first range and cathode follower operation of both said valves in response to values of said reference voltage in said second range, a second voltage divider connected between the cathodes of said valves, a phase shifting network responsive to the voltage of an intermediate point of said second divider for varying the excitation of said motor field winding and an adjustable resistor in the anode circuit of said first valve for effecting cathode follower operation of both said valves in response to values of said reference voltage Within a selected portion of said first range to provide overlapping of the operations of strengthening the generator field and weakening the motor field.

7. A control system comprising an adjustable voltage generator provided with a field winding, a motor supplied therefrom and provided with a field winding, a source of substantially constant voltage, a voltage divider connected across said source, a first conductor connected to an intermediate point on said divider, a second conductor connected to an intermediate point on said divider between the negative terminal of said source and said intermediate point, first and second rectifier valves each provided with an anode and a cathode, a first variable resistor connected between the anodes of said valves and the positive terminal of said source, third and fourth rectifier valves each having an anode and a cathode, the anode of said third valve being connected to the cathode of said first valve and the anode of said fourth valve being connected to the cathode of said second valve, a second variable resistor connected from the negative terminal of said source to the cathodes of said third and fourth valves, a potentiometer connected across said first and second conductors and having its slider connected to the cathode of said second valve and the anode of said fourth valve, a capacitor connected between said second conductor and the cathode of said first valve and anode, said capacitor providing at its terminals a variable reference voltage having first and second ranges of values, a control electric valve having an anode, a cathode and a control grid and having its anode-cathode circuit connected across said source, a resistor connected in said cathode circuit Jf said control valve, means responsive to values of reference voltage in said first range for varying the excitation of said generator field to vary the speed. of said motor, connections from said capacitor to the grid and cathode of said control valve for supplying said reference voltage thereto to produce saturation of said control valve in response to values of said reference voltage in said first range, and to produce cathode follower operation of said control valve in response to values of said reference voltage within said second range, and means responsive to variations of the voltage across said resistor in the cathode circuit of said control valve for varying the excitation of said motor field winding.

EDWARD I-I. DINGER. ROBERT E. THATCHER.

No references cited. 

